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Business Continuity (BC) deals with the continuation of business in adverse circumstances. Business comprises of people, processes, various assets, products and services. Any incident such as market crash, pandemic diseases, natural disasters, technological failures, human errors, cyber attacks, fraud or terrorism which causes disruption to any of these entities, can affect the continuity of business either for a short term or for a long term basis.
Business Continuity Planning (BCP) and Management (BCM) are the acts of anticipating disruptions, ensuring prevention or less chance of occurrences and responding to any such incident in a planned and rehearsed manner so as to recover the losses and bring the business back into operation. Disruptions can be with or without warning and the results may be predictable or unknown. The term Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) is used more frequently but it is actually a part of the broader BCP framework. DRP normally takes care of the continuity of information technology (IT) services and is mostly technical in nature. Every Business needs a BCP to face all possible disruptions and keep its operation running with acceptable downtime. The objectives are to protect human lives, minimize financial and reputational losses, continue serving the customers, and remain in compliance with the statutory laws and regulations [7].
Most organizations maintain ‘Plan B’ (contingency) if ‘Plan A’ (regular business plan) does not work due to some incident, accident or disaster. However, very recently the world has seen some of the most unprecedented disasters such as collapse of twin towers (9/11, 2001 attack), US black-out (2003), Tsunami, Katrina, Rita and Iceland Volcano (2010). These, in conjunction with the corporate corruption cases of WorldCom, Enron, Satyam, etc, have made organizations realize that lack of proper Business Continuity or Disaster Recovery Planning can make them out-ofbusiness at any time. One report from US department of Labor suggests that 40% of the companies facing such disasters never reopen and 25% of the remaining companies close within two years [9]. In fact, after the 9/11 attack, majority of the affected companies in the World Trade Center went out of business due to lack of adequate DR and BC Planning.
Organization’s dependency on IT demands that ITrelated resources are secured and protected well against all possible devastations. The recent increase of cyber terrorism has also given an additional dimension to the problem. That is why Business Continuity is associated with the Information Security Management System (ISMS). As per the ISO/IEC 27031 standard, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures should ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) of IT services in all circumstances and hence play a major role in maintaining Business Continuity [8]. In general, BCP will have IT and non-IT areas. In case of disruptions, the IT unit will be busy with restoration and recovery of related services using DRP processes whereas the non-IT areas will be busy with other facilities and business matters so that the overall business prevails.
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